Cardiovascular Risk in HIV

 

Recent studies have brought into light discrepancies in cardiovascular risk assessment for individuals with HIV. Research from Massachusetts General Hospital indicates that existing risk models often miscalculate cardiovascular events, particularly among women and African descent individuals in high-income countries, while overestimating risks in low and middle-income countries. These findings are crucial for enhancing cardiovascular disease prevention strategies in the HIV population.

Study Overview

The study published in Lancet HIV on January 17, 2025, analysed data from the  REPRIEVE trial. It focused on individuals with HIV aged 40-75 years, assessing their cardiovascular risk across various income levels globally.

Key Findings

• Risk Underestimation – In high-income countries, cardiovascular risk was underestimated for women and black participants
• Risk Overestimation – In low and middle-income countries, the risk was overestimated for all individuals with HIV.
• Calibration Adjustments – The PCE risk score was adjusted to improve accuracy, multiplying scores for specific demographics.

Research Methodology

The study involved 3,893 participants from 12 countries. Researchers evaluated the performance of pooled cohort equations (PCE) and the data-collection on adverse effects of anti-HIV drugs (D:A:D) risk scores.

Global Context

The REPRIEVE trial is the first large-scale study aimed at preventing HIV-related heart disease. It puts stress on the heightened cardiovascular risks faced by people living with HIV, particularly among women and black individuals.

HIV and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality globally. Individuals with HIV often face increased risks due to various factors, including inflammation and lifestyle.

Implications for Future Research

The study calls for further research to develop more accurate cardiovascular risk scores for individuals with HIV, particularly in low and middle-income countries.

Current Treatment Landscape

Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) exists for managing HIV. Maintaining an undetectable viral load reduces health risks, including cardiovascular diseases.

website: popularscientist.com

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