ISRO to Launch SpaDeX Mission on December 30th

 

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch its groundbreaking Space Docking Experiment, known as SpaDeX, scheduled on 30th December 2024, marking a milestone in India’s space exploration efforts. The Minister of State for Space, Dr. Jitendra Singh, brought to light the importance of this mission, noting its aim to successfully dock two satellites in orbit. This achievement will position India among a select group of nations proficient in space docking technology.

What is Space Docking?

Space docking refers to the process where two spacecraft connect while in orbit. This operation is crucial for various space missions, including crew transfers and resupply missions. Docking technology allows for the assembly of larger structures in space, such as space stations.

The SpaDeX Mission Overview

The SpaDeX mission will utilize India’s Indigenous technology, the Bhartiya Docking System. This system is designed to facilitate the precise alignment and connection of two satellites. The mission will be launched aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), which is known for its reliability and efficiency in deploying satellites.

Significance of the Mission

Successfully completing the SpaDeX mission will enhance India’s capabilities in space operations. It will also demonstrate India’s growing expertise in complex space technologies. The mission is expected to encourage international collaborations and open new avenues for commercial space activities.

If successful, SpaDeX could lead to more advanced missions, including those involving larger spacecraft and potential human spaceflight. Mastering docking technology will enable India to participate in global space missions and contribute to international space research efforts.

Key Technologies Involved

The Bhartiya Docking System employs advanced sensors and algorithms for precision navigation. These technologies are critical for ensuring the safe and accurate docking of satellites in the challenging environment of space. The mission will also test various automated systems that enhance docking reliability.

website: popularscientist.com

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ISRO’s LVM3 Rocket Achieves Multi-Orbit Capability

 

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently marked milestone with its LVM3 rocket, which allows the rocket to place satellites in various orbits during a single mission. The development of a “multi-element ignitor” for the CE-20 Cryogenic engine was crucial for this capability.

Multi-Element Ignitor Development

ISRO’s new ignitor enables the CE-20 engine to restart in space. This innovation enhances the flexibility of the rocket. It allows the deployment of multiple satellites into different orbits without needing additional launches.

Importance of the CE-20 Engine

The CE-20 Cryogenic engine is integral to the LVM3’s final stage. It plays a very important role in accurately placing satellites into their designated orbits. The successful test confirmed that the engine functions as intended.

ISRO employed a “Sea Level test” for the Cryogenic engine. This method, while not typically ideal, was adapted to simulate full operational duration. The Nozzle Protection System further enhanced the testing’s effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

Historical Context of Multi-Orbit Missions

ISRO has prior experience with multi-orbit missions using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). In 2019, the PSLV-C45 successfully deployed one primary satellite alongside 28 international satellites through multiple engine restarts.

ISRO intends to enable two or three restarts of the CE-20 engine in future missions. This capability will enhance the operational flexibility of the LVM3 rocket.

Cold Gas Thruster Technology

Before the development of restart technology, ISRO relied on cold gas thrusters for satellite positioning. This method used leftover fuel for minor thrust adjustments, ensuring precise satellite deployment.

Website: popularscientist.com

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Rwanda Declares End to Marburg Virus Outbreak

Rwanda has officially declared the end of its first Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak as of December 20, 2024, followed a 42-day monitoring period with no new cases reported. The outbreak, which began on September 27, 2024, resulted in 66 confirmed cases and 15 fatalities, primarily affecting health workers.

About Marburg Virus Disease

Marburg Virus Disease is a severe and often fatal illness. It is caused by the Marburg virus, which is transmitted from fruit bats to humans. The disease is characterized by a high fatality rate, averaging around 50%. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, contaminated surfaces, or materials.

Key Outbreak Statistics

During the recent outbreak in Rwanda, the fatality rate was notably lower at approximately 23%. The outbreak saw a rapid increase in cases, particularly among healthcare professionals, due to their exposure while treating infected colleagues.

Rwandan health authorities implemented several measures to control the outbreak. These included rigorous case tracking, testing, contact tracing, and public education. The health authorities collaborated closely with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners, which facilitated a rapid reduction in case numbers.

International Support and Collaboration

The WHO provided support, deploying experts in Marburg and Ebola viruses. They mobilised 39 health professionals from various countries, marking the largest response team ever sent for such an outbreak. This collaboration was crucial in managing the crisis effectively.

Currently, there are no approved vaccines or treatments for MVD. However, several candidates are in development, including a single-dose vaccine from the Sabin Vaccine Institute, which is undergoing Phase 2 trials. WHO continues to assist Rwanda in supporting survivors through long-term care initiatives.

website: popularscientist.com

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New and Small Businesses to Get GST Registration in 3 Days

 

The GST Council has recently approved a proposal to streamline the registration process for new and small businesses and aims to enable registration within three working days, reducing bureaucratic hurdles. It addresses issues such as excessive questioning by tax officials and fraudulent practices involving fake identities for Input Tax Credit (ITC) claims.

Objectives of the New System

The primary goal is to simplify the registration process for small businesses. The system intends to decrease the workload on tax officials, allowing them to concentrate on higher-risk cases. By facilitating quicker registration, the initiative aims to encourage compliance and enhance the ease of doing business.

Four-Tier Structure

The new system is organized into four tiers, each catering to different types of businesses.

• First Tier – This tier is for new and small businesses that typically pass little or no ITC. Registration occurs within three days based on Aadhaar verification, with an ITC limit imposed.
• Second Tier – This tier includes trusted, low-risk entities such as government bodies and compliant private companies. These businesses can also receive registration within three days without the need for biometric verification or physical checks, and they face no ITC limit.
• Third Tier – Existing businesses wanting to pass higher ITC but not classified as trusted fall into this category. They may be required to pay a non-refundable fee, provide a fixed deposit, and obtain a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from a trusted business.
• Fourth Tier – This tier is designed for businesses wishing to switch categories to access higher ITC amounts.

Next Steps for Implementation

Following the GST Council’s approval, the Law Committee will amend existing laws and draft guidelines for the new system. The rollout will likely occur in phases, starting with new and small businesses, to ensure a smooth transition. This structured approach aims to encourage a more efficient and transparent registration process.

website: popularscientist.com

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National Consumer Day Observed on December 24

National Consumer Day is observed annually on December 24, and commemorates the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. The act was established to safeguard consumers against exploitation and unfair trade practices. This theme for National Consumer Day 2024 is “Virtual Hearings & Digital Access to Consumer Justice.”

New Initiatives Launched

Consumer Affairs Minister Pralhad Joshi will unveil several initiatives in New Delhi. These include the Jago Grahak Jago app, which educates consumers about their rights. The Jagriti app and Jagriti Dashboard will help identify unfair practices on  e-commerce platforms. These tools aim to empower consumers and promote awareness.

e-Mapp Portal Introduction

The e-Mapp portal will be introduced to streamline licensing and registration processes for businesses. This portal aims to reduce compliance requirements. It will also enhance transparency within the business sector. Improved processes will benefit both consumers and businesses.A new version of the National Consumer Helpline Portal will be launched. This updated portal will feature advanced functionalities for user convenience. It will facilitate faster resolution of consumer complaints. The goal is to improve overall consumer support.

Safety Pledge

Thirteen major e-commerce platforms will sign a safety pledge. This voluntary commitment focuses on ensuring the safety and quality of goods sold online. The platforms will work to detect and prevent the sale of unsafe or counterfeit products. This initiative aims to boost consumer confidence in online shopping.

National Test House Facilities

Two new facilities of the National Test House will be inaugurated in Guwahati and Mumbai. These facilities will enhance consumer protection measures. They will provide testing services to ensure product safety and compliance with standards. This expansion reflects a commitment to consumer welfare.

website: popularscientist.com

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